Notes:  The first main line northwards, the London-Birmingham-Warrington (and beyond), opened in 1838, and a number of lines were built shortly after to connect to this, including lines connecting Leeds, Derby, Nottingham, Sheffield and Leicester to Rugby (for London) and to Birmingham. Manchester and Sheffield were connected across the Pennines by the Glossop/Woodhead route in 1845, and other lines sprang up to connect the eastern Pennine towns and the towns of Lincolnshire with the coast at Grimsby. The Great Northern Railway cut straight through to Doncaster in 1852. Further south the Midlands were early connected to the coast at King's Lynn and Great Yarmouth.