Descriptive texts: Describing Photos

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（Play All）Descriptive texts: Describing Photos

In these texts, photographs which were taken at the shebajie cultural festival held in Pojiao rural township in the summer of 2001 are described. Some of the speakers had attended the actual festival.

4.1.1: Describing a Daliuzi Photo
4.1.2: Describing a Maogusi Photo
4.1.3: Describing a Baishouwu Photo

Tian Yuying, Xiang Peihua, Peng Cai'e & Tian Wucui, Pojiao Rural Township, Longshan County
recorded on 19 July 2002

In this text a photo of a daliuzi performance at the cultural festival is being described. Daliuzi involves four participants, who engage in mimed sequences to the rhythmic beats on gongs and cymbals. On some occasions, a suona trumpet is also played. The photo archive includes two photos of daliuzi.

01	A: ge⁴ze¹ eng¹ge¹, eng¹ge¹, ai¹di¹ liu¹zi¹, ai¹di¹ lai¹xi³ jie³ la? luo² ha³ ao, luo² ha³-nie³-xi², ge⁴ze¹, ge⁴ze¹ eng¹ge¹ si³ti³-suo¹ ba, ha¹ ha¹tai² ou? B: eng¹ge¹-suo¹, bao²ge³-suo¹. A：他们那里，那里，那个是溜子，那个动作叫什么？打锣的，他们是打锣的。他们那些是石堤人吧，你知道不知道？B：是那里的人，是报格人。 A: The ones over there, over there, that's 'daliuzi' [musical entertainment], what do you call that? They are striking gongs, the ones striking gongs. They are from Shidi, don't you know? B: Yes, they are from there, and from Baoge.
02	A: gai³di¹ ha¹ ha¹tai²? ni² liu¹... gai³di¹ luo² ha³-nie³-xi² qian²la¹ ha³ ba, ni² guo² ai¹ lian²-ta¹ti¹ ma o, lian²-ci¹hhe¹ ma. bao²ge³-suo¹ luo² ha³-nie³-xi², ang jiu¹ gai³di¹, gai³di¹ me ha³-xi² ca² ang. A：你会打吗？你把这个打溜子，打锣的，打一下试试，你不能练那个嘛，也不会练。报格人打锣的，对，就是这个，这个。打得好！ A: Do you know how to ['daliuzi']? You try striking the gong, try it, you can't do it, you don't know how to do it. The one from Baoge on the gong, that's this one here. He plays well.
03	ge²wai¹ ni² ai¹ li³-ci³ tai², ni² ai¹di¹ nian²-hhe¹ ga⁴ ze² nian², nian²-ci¹hhe¹, ge²wai¹ li³-ci³ tao², bie²di¹ mei³you¹ jian¹-di la, ta¹ jiu²si² da¹liu¹zi¹, mei³you¹ jian¹-di la! 你没有另外可以说的话，你会念（打溜子的节拍）就念几句吧。我不会念，现在没有别的可以讲了。它就是打溜子，没有讲的啦！ If you don't have anything more to say, and you know [the rhythm for 'daliuzi'], then beat us a few bars. I don't know how to, I have nothing else to say now, nothing more to say. That's 'daliuzi', there's nothing more to say!
04	luo² ha³-nie³-xi² dai¹dai¹... dang³dang³... dang³ dang³... hang² ha³-nie³-xi², ang... dai¹dai¹... dang³ dang³... 打锣的...哒哒咚咚...哒哒咚咚...是这样打的，哒哒咚咚... The ones on the gongs go... (sound of gongs) like this ... (sound of gongs)

Tian Yuying, Xiang Peihua, Peng Cai'e & Tian Wucui, Pojiao Rural Township, Longshan County
recorded on 19 July 2002

In this text a photo of a maogusi performance at the cultural festival is being described. Maogusi is a very ancient dance form in which the dancers dress in costumes made from cogongrass and perform dances with farming, hunting and fertility themes. See the photo in the photo archive.

01	ai¹di¹ jiu¹ si¹ wan¹tian³ mao³gu³si¹ ri¹-nie³-xi², guo² jiu¹ si¹ be² eng¹ge¹ luo⁴-die¹, mu²la¹ ye³ ri¹-nie³-xi² da⁴ze³ ang. ai! ai¹ si³hou³, jiu¹ wan¹tian³ yan³si¹ se²hui¹ luo⁴ die³, luo⁴ die³ bian²-bo³-xi², luan²-nie³ si³hou³-lie¹ gao¹-nie³-xi². 那就是往天做茅古斯的，茅古斯就是那里的人们，像现在的人们做工一样。嘿！那时候，他们就是从前原始社会的人演变而来的，从变乱的时候开始搞的。 They are performers of the ancient 'maogusi' dance, that is, the people [in the photos] are performing actions similar to the way we work nowadays. Ah! In the past, people living in primitive communities used to do this, they started these dances during times of conflict.
02	ai¹lie¹ me ge⁴ze¹ jiu¹ be² eng¹ge¹ ye³ ga²-duo³ le, nie⁴ka¹-duo³, ge⁴ze³ jiu¹ ai¹lie¹ jiu¹ huan² kang³ku¹ ye³ ri¹ a, ai¹di¹ eng¹ge¹ ye⁴ za², ye³ ri¹, hhi³ tie², ai¹lie¹ eng¹ge¹ jiu¹, 然后他们也要在那里吃东西。要过日子，然后他们就总是在山里做工。那里砍荒地、做工、摘小米，然后就在那里， Then they have to go there and eat; in order to live, they have to go and work in the mountains. There they open up wasteland and farm; they harvest millet.
03	eng¹ge¹ ai¹lie¹ hhi³ tie² me, ta¹nie¹ jiu¹ eng¹ge¹, ai¹lie¹ tie²-lie³ me cu¹ ye⁴-liao³ jiu¹ hhi³ ha³, ha³-lie³ meng jiu¹ ba¹ba¹ bu², 然后在那里摘小米呢，然后就在那里摘了呢，到家以后就打小米，打了以后就舂糍粑。 Later, they harvest millet there, then having harvested it, they go home and thresh it and make it into glutinous 'baba' cakes.
04	ba¹ba¹ bu²-lie³ meng jiu¹ da⁴pi³ mo³ ga² ang, ga²-liao³ meng ai¹lie¹ me ga² mo³ me³jie²-liao³ meng, jiu¹ si¹ luo⁴die¹ hang²la³, luo⁴die¹ eng¹ge¹, ai¹di¹ eng¹ge¹. 舂了糍粑后，就一起分开吃。吃完了呢，然后就吃饱以后，就是这样的，茅古斯就在那里做那些事情。 When they've prepared the 'baba' cakes, they share them round and eat together. After they've eaten, then they're full. That's what they're doing [in the photos] in the 'maogusi' dance.
05	guo² be² ye¹ zuo⁴ si¹lie³-nie³-xi², guo² be² ye¹ eng¹ge¹ luo⁴ba¹-die¹ ma³ma¹-die¹ xie² ang. hhi²-lie³ jiu¹ ma³ma¹-die¹ ni¹ mo³ ni¹-lie³ jiu¹ zuo⁴ ni¹ mo³ si¹lie³-nie³-xi². 他也有问媳妇的，他那里有男人也有女人。边走边找女人，找到了，就要那些女人做媳妇。 They also look for brides, there are both men and women. They're looking for women as they go, when they've found some, those women will become their daughters-in-law.
06	ai¹lie¹ meng jiu¹, ta¹nie¹ meng jiu¹ da⁴ha³ ma³ma¹-die¹ a⁴yi³-nie³-xi² ang, jiu¹ hang²la³, gai³di¹ ta¹nie¹ li³-nie³-xi² die³ gei⁴di³ gei¹. 然后呢，后来就一起抢女人的（图片里的动作）。哼！就这样，这个后面说的多得是。 After that, they are the ones who are grabbing the women [in the photos]. Well, that's what they do, there's a lot more to say [about 'maogusi'].

Tian Yuying, Xiang Peihua, Peng Cai'e & Tian Wucui, Pojiao Rural Township, Longshan County
recorded on 19 July 2002

In this text a photo of a baishouwu performance at the cultural festival is being described. Baishouwu, literally 'hand-waving dance', is the focal point of the traditional shebajie festival, which is held in early Spring. The dance, which has a large-scale form involving up to a thousand dancers, contains actions representing farming activities and other aspects of daily life, but in much more formalised forms than in maogusi. Some historians believe the dance to be directly descended from the war dances of the ancient Ba people, who are generally thought to be the ancestors of the Tujia. See the photo in the photo archive.

01	A: gai³di¹ ye³ ri¹-nie³-xi² mang. B: cai³mo¹ li³, nga² li³-ci¹hhe¹, hui²hui¹. A: ang ni² jiu¹ ye³ ri¹ mang, ye³ ri¹-nie³-xi². B: li²bu¹ ha³ ang. A：这个做东西的嘛（图片里）。B：好好地说，我不会说，慧慧。A：这是做工吧，做工的。B：打谷子的。 A: These ones are working [in the photos]. B: You speak, Huihui, I don't know what to say. A: These are farming actions, these are farming actions. B: Threshing grain.
02	A: ai¹me¹ bai¹sou¹wu¹ gai² nie⁴ ti³, xian¹ ye⁴ za², eng¹ge¹ ye⁴ za²-lie³ me jiu¹ si¹ ye⁴, ye⁴ za²-lie³ me jiu¹ hhi³, hhi³ ri¹ ang. ye³ ri¹-lie³ me, jiu¹ eng¹ge¹ li⁴ huo qie³, li⁴hong¹ ga⁴, bao¹bu¹ ri¹. A：那么摆手舞近年才开始的，以前就砍荒地，那里砍了就是砍了荒地，就种小米、小米。做了东西呢，就在那里犁地、挖土、种玉米。 A: Well, we've started doing the 'baishouwu' dance in recent years. In the past, they just got on with clearing the land, they broke up the soil, broke up waste ground, and grew millet. After this, they plough, dig the fields, and plant maize.
03	bao¹bu¹ ri¹-lie³ meng jiu¹, bao¹bu¹ ri¹-lie³ meng jiu¹ bao¹bu¹ pu² ang, bao¹bu¹ pu²-lie³ meng jiu¹ yan¹ se¹, yan¹ se¹-lie³ meng jiu¹, eng¹ge¹ yan¹ se¹-lie³ meng jiu¹, yan¹ si³ ang. 种了玉米呢，种了玉米呢，就锄玉米。锄了玉米呢，就种烟草，种了烟草呢，就在那里种了烟草，烟草就生长了。 When they've planted maize, planted maize, then they hoe between the maize. Once they've finished hoeing, then they plant tobacco. After planting tobacco, planting tobacco there, it grows.
04	ai¹lie¹ meng jiu¹ bao¹bu¹ wo⁴, li²bu¹ ha³, li²bu¹ ha³-lie³ meng jiu¹ jie³-xi² da⁴ha³, ai¹lie¹ jiu¹ eng¹ge¹ li²bu¹ ke⁴-lie³ jiu¹... B: bian¹dang³ huo³lie³ ke⁴. 然后就背玉米，打稻谷，打了稻谷呢，就全部一起，然后就到那里挑了稻谷就... B：用扁担挑去了。 Later, they harvest the maize and thresh the grain. After threshing the grain, everybody together, they then carry the grain there, then ... B They're using shoulder poles.
05	A: li²bu¹ ke⁴-lie³ jiu¹ cu¹-bo³ song¹kuo¹-nie³-xi², gai² da⁴ze³ jiu¹... ca²! qie³-pie³, lei⁴ jiu¹ ang bian⁴dong³... jiu¹ na²me¹... A：挑了稻谷，就回家去了，就像这个。好！先犁，今天就...（犁地声音）...就那么... A: After carrying the grain, they go home, like this ... Right! Plough first, then today... (sound of ploughing) then...

-: A: / - pron: 他们 / they advl: 那里 / there pron: 那 / that n: 溜子 / Tujia musical entertainment pron: 什么 / what vt: 喊 / to shout, call part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 锣 / gong vt: 打 / to hit part: (叹词) / (excl) suff: 的 / ['s] vsuff: 的 / [that which] pn: 石堤 / Shidi (village in Pojiao rural township) nsuff: 人 / [person] part: (吧) / (excl) vt: 知道 / to know vt: 不知道 / to not know part: (叹词) / (excl) -: B: / - pn: 报格 / Baoge (village in Pojiao rural township) pron: 这个 / this pron: 你 / you n: 溜子 / Tujia musical entertainment advm: 好好地 / well pron: 他 / he pron: 那 / that vt: 练 / to train vsuff: 不能 / [can't] part: (叹词) / (excl) part: (叹词) / (excl) vsuff: 不会 / [not know] part: (叹词) / (excl) conj: 就 / then part: (叹词) / (topic marker) vi: 好 / to be good advm: 格外 / especially vt: 说 / to say vsuff: 的 / [that which] vi: 没有 / to not have vt: 念 / to recite vsuff: 会 / [know] num: 几 / several, how many? cl: 嘴/口 / mouthful, sentence vt: 现在没有 / to not have now n: 别的 / another (one) vi: 没有 / to not have vt: 讲 / to tell suff: 的 / ['s] pron: 它 / it advm: 就是 / namely n+vt: 打溜子 / to perform 'liuzi', a traditional Tujia musical entertainment onom: (哒哒声) / (sound of gong-beat) onom: (咚声) / (sound of drum-beat) onom: (鼓声) / (sound of drum-beat) advm: 这么 / like this vc: 是 / to be advt: 往天 / formerly n: 茅古斯 / ancient traditional dance (wearing cogongrass) vt: 做 / to work, do advm: 也 / also n: 人 / person nsuff: 复数 / [plural] advt: 现在 / now n: 东西 / thing vt: 像/一样 / to resemble part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 时候 / time n: 原始 / primitive, original n: 社会 / society part: (强调) / (emphasis) vi: 变 / to change vsuff: 着 / [stative] vi: 乱 / to be in disorder nsuff: 在/从 / [at, from] vt: 搞 / to work, do conj: 然后 / then n: 饭 / cooked rice, meal vt: 吃/咬 / to eat, bite vsuff: 要 / [want] part: (叹词) / (new topic marker) vi: 过日子 / to live, get by pron: 他们 / they advm: 总是 / always n: 山里 / (in the) mountains part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 野 / uncultivated land vt: 砍 / to slash and burn n: 小米 / millet vt: 摘 / to pick, pluck n: 后面 / back vsuff: 了 / [past] n: 家 / home vt: 到 / to arrive vsuff: 了+现在 / [past+now] part: (叹词) / (topic marker) n: 糍粑 / glutinous rice cake vt: 舂 / to pound vt: 分开 / to divide part: (地) / (-wise) vi: 饱 / to be full pron: 人家 / (other) people advm: 这么 / like this advm: 也 / also n: 媳妇 / daughter-in-law vt: 问 / to ask n: 丈夫/男人 / husband; man n: 姑母/女人 / aunt; young woman vt: 有 / to have vt: 走 / to go vt: 找 / to look for advm: 一起 / all, together vt: 抢 / to steal pron: 多 / many; how many? pron: 多 / many; how many? part: (叹词) / (excl) advm: 好好地 / well pron: 我 / I, me pn: (人名) / (name of a person) n: 稻谷 / rice paddy conj: 那么 / then n: 摆手舞 / Tujia 'baishouwu' dance pron: 这 / this n: 天/日 / day vt: 得到 / to get advt: 先 / first n: 地 / land part: (叹词) / (excl) vt: 犁 / to plough n: 田土 / field vt: 挖 / to dig (the fields) n: 玉米 / maize vt: 锄 / to hoe n: 草烟 / tobacco vt: 种 / to sow vi: 生长 / to grow vt: 背 / to carry on the back vt: 抬/挑 / to carry (usually with a carrying pole) n: 扁担 / carrying pole vt: 用 / to use nsuff: 去 / [towards] vi: 回来 / to return vsuff: 先 / [first] advt: 今天 / today onom: (犁地声音) / (sound of ploughing) advm: 那么 / then