Notes:  These two regions contain the oldest "true" railway, the 1825 Stockton & Darlington, and an older claimant to the title, the Kilmarnock & Troon tramway, built in 1812, which had an (intermittent) locomotive from 1817 and (illegally) carried passengers too, but was only converted to a standard rail line in 1847. Carlisle and Newcastle were linked in 1838 to capture the important market for freight trans-shipping between east and west coasts. Glasgow and Edinburgh were connected in 1842, and in a few years each city had two lines south to England to choose from. Another early railway, from Dundee to Arbroath (and on to Forfar) was connected south by 1848 by two routes: directly via Stirling, and via Burntisland by ferry to Edinburgh.