image: traditional Tujia brocade


Play All)Songs and sayings: Antiphonal Singing

These two songs were performed one after the other. The first, a song of welcome, was sung to welcome us to the area, and should be antiphonal, but we were unable to respond in kind! The second song is more typical. Such singing is often impromptu, after eating and drinking together. The format is that of a friendly competition, with each singer trying to leave the other lost for words. In this example, after agreeing that current living standards are much higher, singer B tries to portray (in jest) singer A, who is from a wealthier background, as a typical oppressive landlord. Singer A retorts by singing that he is nothing of the kind, and that the only reason other people farm his land is his increasing age!

Contents

6.1.1: A Song of Welcome
6.1.2: Duologue between a Landlord and a Peasant

6.1.1: A Song of Welcome

Peng Jizhen, Dianfang Township, Longshan County
recorded on 18 July 2002

01 nga2-nie3 cu1-nie3 bu1cuo3 ang2 ge3 ye4 you, nga2 se2 la4ku1tu3 a3-bu1ce3.
我家的客人来到我们这里,我们没有到路边迎接你们。
As our guests you have come to our home, but we didn't even meet you at the roadside.
02 nga2 me lei4 me se2 da4ha3 me da4ha3 hhi2 yo, nga2 lei4 mo3 se2 you reng2-duo3-lie3.
我今天和你们一起走,我到今天才认识你们。
Today we can spend time together; I only got to know you today.
03 nga2 long3bei3 me lu2 si3 ta2ci1-lie3 you, me qi3mo1 se2 you you2 li3 le?
我今年有六十多岁了,不知道怎样对你们说?
I am over sixty this year, how should I speak to you?
04 jing1 li3-nie3 ji1hui1 be2 hang2la3 tao2 yo, nga2 bu2si1 me da4ha3 ba4-i-ta1 yo.
经常说话的机会不会再有这么多,不然我就不会来看你们。
We won't have an opportunity to talk like this again, otherwise I wouldn't have come to see you now.
05 se2 ku4 mo3 ku4 mo3 ang2 ge3 ye4 you o, ku1ca4 huan4-alie3 hhi2-lie3 ge3.
你们辛辛苦苦地到我们这里,翻山越岭走到了。
You have had a hard journey coming here, you came over the mountains to get here.
06 hu3pa3 a2-lie3 me ge3du1-cai3, gai2 ku4-nie3-xi2 nga2duo3 me3-lie1 die2.
你们辛苦地过河来到这里,我会记在心里的。
You had a hard river crossing to get here, I will never forget this.

6.1.2: Duologue between a Landlord and a Peasant

Peng Jizhen & Gong Pingqing, Dianfang Township, Longshan County
recorded on 18 July 2002

01 A: nga2 gai2 si3jie3 yo da4 huan1xian1 tiao4 mo3 ba you, nga2 wai2wai1 ni2 jian1 qi3mo1 la? nga2 dao2di1 me kei3du1-cai3-bo3 gao1-i, ni2 lai4 nga2 luo3 mo3 ni2 la1 ba4 ba4.
A:我这时候一起谈话吧,我的外甥你讲什么呢?我到底在哪里搞这个,你今天这样骂我,你自己想一想吧。
A: Let's talk together now. What do you have to say, nephew? Where should I go? You are scolding me like this, think about it!
02 B: nga2 me zeng1di1 you bi2zi1ka3, nga2 sa3li3 cang2guo1 ya bi2zi1sa3. qian3 kao2 me dang1-nie3 zeng2ce3 ca2 a, lei4 da4 tai3 ga3 cang2guo1-la1.
B:我真的是土家族,我说和唱都用土家语。全靠党的政策好,我们今天一起在台上唱歌。
B: I'm really and truly Tujia. I use Tujia whenever when I speak or sing. Thanks to the Party's good policies, today we can sing together here.
03 A: nga2 ni2 be2 me3-lie1 hang2 die2-la1 you, nga2 be2 me3-lie1 huan1xi4 la. ang2ni1 la2 nie1 hi4lie3 me you wu2 ka4 ou, gai2 da4ze3 ling1tao2 peng2duo1-da2.
A:我认为你也是这样想的,我也觉得欢喜。我们整天守牛,没有机会碰到这样的领导。
A: I know that you think the same way, I feel happy too. All day we look after the cattle as they graze, with no chance to meet with such leaders [visitors].
04 B: qian3 kao2 dang1-nie3 zeng2ce3 ca2, ce1zi1 kai1-lie3 ku1ca4 ga3. hu2ni1 me da4ha3 nie4 cai2 ka1, dang1-nie3 qing3yi2 ta4 si1ma3.
B:全靠党的政策好,开车子来到山上。大家一起过好日子,别忘记党的情意。
B: Thanks to the Party's good policies, vehicles can now get through to our mountains. We can live happily together, let's not forget the Party's many kindnesses.
05 A: ang2ni1 bi2zi1ka3 you me bi2zi1sa3 you, me bi2zi1sa3 be2 ta4 si1ma3. nga2 jiu1 jian1 mu2la1 nie4ka1 ca2 you, qian3 kao2 me ling1xiu2, guo2 die3 ca2.
A:我们是土家族,讲土家语,你别忘记土家语。我现在过着好日子,全靠领袖他们好。
A: We are Tujia, we speak Tujia, so don't you forget to speak Tujia! I'm saying how good our lives are now, thanks to our excellent leaders.
06 B: qian3 kao2 dang1-nie3 zeng2ce3 ca2, hu2ni1 da4ha3 nie4 cai2 ka1. ni2 la4 hhi2 ce3 du1 gai1jie3-liao3, hu2ni1 dian2deng1 lian2 hua1hua1.
B:全靠党的政策好,大家一起过好日子。交通和自来水都解决了,大家的电灯亮光光。
B: Thanks to the Party's policies, we can all live happily together. There are now roads and piped water, there are electric lights in every household.
07 A: ang2 da4 da3bie1 ai1 si3jie3 die2 mo3 ba you, dian2huan3 cang3gang4 jiu1 you hu4ca3. nga2 cong3lai3 ce1zi1 duo3 yi3-bo3-da2 you, lang3cei1 song1kuo1 jiu1 tie4tie3 za4.
A:我们一起记得以前那个时候,去靛房镇赶场就要跑。我从来没有看见过车子,晚上回来就要拿着灯。
A: Let's think back to the former times, when we had to walk to market in Dianfang. I had never seen a car, and in the evening I had to carry a lamp when I came back.
08 B: yi1wan1 nga2 be2 you die2-bo3-la1, cuo3xie2 tai2 me you ji3ku3 ha3. cang3gang4 jie2ri1 du1 ji3ku3 da2 you, ji3 ga3ha2 me you pao2zi1 la3.
B:以往我也记得没有鞋子,要打草鞋。赶场劳动都穿草鞋,脚上起了泡子。
B: I can remember not having any shoes to wear; we had to make straw sandals. When we went to market or worked in the fields, we had to wear straw sandals. We got blisters on the soles of our feet.
09 A: nga2 mu2la1 me ai1 si3jie3 da4ze3-da2 you, me ji3 ga3 me lian3hai3 da2-bo3-la1. sa4-la1-hu3 me ji3 ga3 me pi3hai3 da2 you, me cong3lai3 sa4-da2 me you a3-ta1.
A:我现在不像那个时候,脚上穿着凉鞋了。天冷时脚上穿皮鞋,从来不冷就不肯穿。
A: Now things are different for me, on my feet are proper sandals. When it gets cold I wear leather shoes, but if it isn't cold I won't wear them.
10 B: eng1di1 me qian3 kao2 zeng2ce3 ca2 o, mu2la1 hu2ni1 me nie4 cai2 ka1. nga2 hui3yi2 nga2 yi1qian3 bi2cei1-zu2, a1di1 ku4ri3 si1ma3-da2.
B:这个全靠政策好,现在大家过好日子。我回忆我以前小时候,那些苦日子不会忘记。
B: This is all thanks to good policies, nowadays life is good for everyone. I remember when I was small, how can I forget such bitter days.
11 A: nga2 bi2cei1-zu2-nie3 a3nie1 a3ba1 you, nga2 be2 me3-lie1 die2-bo3-la1. nga2 ku3 me ca1ca1ku3 lao4 da2, se3gu3li1 duo3 yi2si1 wo4ta3 la2.
A:我小时侯的父母,我也会记在心上。我穿的是开裆裤,臀部全都露出来。
A: I remember well my parents when I was small. My trousers were split-crotch trousers that babies wear, with my bottom sticking out.
12 B: ni2 nga2 be2 nian3ji3 hang2 ri3-da2 you, yi1wan1 me ang2 nie1 hu3 bai4 li3-ta1. nga2 mu2la1 me ni2 dang1-nie3 zeng2ce3 ca2, ni2 nga2 be2 biu2 da4 nie4 cai2 ka1.
B:你比我年纪也大不了多少,我们以往的日子不要再提了。现在党的政策好,我在女儿家里也在过好日子。
B: You are not much older than I am, let's not talk anymore about those days. Now the Party's policies are good, I live happily in my daughter's home.
13 A: nga2 ai1 si3jie3 mu2la1 da4ze3-da2 you, me2 ga3-ta1 sa4-da2 you a1-da2 ou. nga2 ku3 si1ba1 yi2si1 duo3 da2-ci3 xie2, nga2 si1li1 mang1mang1 a cang3si2 ga2.
A:我那时候不像现在,现在天不干不冷,我们又不饿。我们全部都有衣服穿,我们常常有大米饭吃。
A: Things were different then, now we don't suffer drought or cold, nor are we hungry. We all have clothes to wear, and we eat rice regularly.
14 B: hei yi1wan1 nga2 be2 jiu1 sui2 ba1 you, di2zu1 duo3 mu2la1 da4ze3-dao2. a1di1 xie2ma1 me me2zi1 bao1gu1 ga2 you, mu2la1 qiong3-ma1 duo3 bao1gu1 be2 ga2-da2.
B:嘿!以往我一岁左右的时候,地主都不像现在一样。那时候有钱人都要吃麦子和玉米,现在穷人都不要吃玉米了。
B: Ah! When I was about one, the landlords were very different from now. In the past, even the rich had to eat wheat and maize; nowadays even poor people don't need to eat maize.
15 A: ni2 ya jiu1 nga2 ya3-lie3 nga2 ga3ha2 you, me ang2 cu1 me zeng1di1 di2zu1-ka3. a3nie1 a3ba1 me zang4 you2 zang4, yan1si1 la2-lie3 pe2ti1 zao3.
A:你啊!看见我就说我的生活比你好。啊!我们真的是地主人家。父母亲都很节约,放好钥匙后就到自己的田地去。
A: When you see me, you say that my life is better than yours and that I'm truly a landlord. My parents were both very thrifty, they locked the house [hiding the key] and went to work in their fields.
16 B: ang2 da4 eng1ge1 li3-nie3-xi2 be2 si2hua1, ang2ni1 wan1tian3 a1di1 di2zu1-ka3. guo2 da2-xi2 be2 ca1huo4 you, ga2-xi2 me ca2 suo1 nie1 ping3huo3 la2 mong2 ha3.
B:我们说的都是实话,我们以前是地主人家。他穿得不好,但是吃得好,三天就有一次会餐。
B: Everything I've told you is true, we used to be landlords. He didn't dress well, but he ate well and had a feast once every three days.
17 A: nga2-nie3 si2hua1 ni2 bo3 la2 you, me qing3kuan2 me li3-xi2 hang2 ze3-da2. a1di1 bu1cuo3 hhi2-lu3 me si3 lao4 bang2 a, bu1cuo3 hhi2-da2 me si3 yi3-da2.
A:我么实话对你讲,说得情况这么不好。那时客人来才煮肉,没有客人就看不见肉。
A: I'm speaking the truth to you, things weren't as good as you said. We only had meat when visitors came, if there were no guests we would not eat meat.
18 B: ang a1di1 li3-xi2 zeng1di1hua1, zang4-nie3-xi2 me xie2ma1ka3! ang2 qiong3-ma1 guo2 guo2 me you2 hu3ri1 ei, zeng1di1 si3 duo3 da4 yi3-da2!
B:啊!我说的是真话,你们节约的富家人!我们穷人个个又做工,真的不能看见肉!
B: Ah! I'm telling the truth, you penny-pinching rich folk! All of us poor folk had to work; we wanted meat but never saw any!
19 A: ni2 ga2-da2, me nga2 ga2-da2 you, ga2-zu2 me yi2si1 ta2ku1 ga3. cong3lai3 be2 tuo2ni1 you2 gao1-da2, nga2duo3 luo2bu1 ye1 ba4-bo3-la1.
A:你不吃时我也不吃,吃饭时都是同一个锅里的。从来也不搞另外的食物,我自己也能看见。
A: When you didn't eat meat, neither did I; when we ate, we did so from a common pot. In the past we didn't cook any other food, I saw it with my own eyes.
20 B: ai1 me a1di1 nie4 me nga2 me ka1-bo3-da2 yo, ying1wei3 ai1 si3jie3 nga2 bi2cei1-lang2. zi2you1 a3nie1 a3ba1 li3-xi2 xi4 le, qi2kui1 le ang2ni1 le qiong3ma1ka3.
B:那些日子我过不了,因为那时我只是很小。只有听父母说的,我们穷人家吃亏了。
B: Those were terrible days, because I was still only small. All I could do was obey my parents, all of us poor folk got the worst of it.
21 A: di2zu1-nie3 qing3 luo4 me ngeng2 da4ze3-da2 you, ai1ta1 me nga2 qing3mo1 di2zu1-ka3? nga2 se3ke1 pe2ti1 me ga4 [ke3] xie2 yo, nga2 ri1-hi1ce1 me se2 qing4.
A:地主的后代就是不一样,否则我现在怎么可以是地主人家呢?我有几块田地,我做不起就请你们。
A: The descendants of landlords are indeed different, otherwise how could I be a landlord now? I have several fields of my own, they are too much for me to work myself so I ask others to help.
22 B: ni2-nie3 a1di1 li3-xi2 zeng1di1hua1 yo, nga2 be2 li3-xi2 be2 xi4-la1. xie2ma1 me, guo2 ngeng2 da4 qiong3ma1 qing4, me suo1yi1 le guo2 cu1 nie4ka1 ca2.
B:你说的是真话,我也听别人说过。有钱人总是请穷人,所以他们能过好日子。
B: You are telling the truth; I've also heard people say that. Rich folk always hire poor folk to do their work, so that they can live comfortably themselves.
23 A: ai1di1 bang2hua1 tai2-lie3, me hu3 qing4 la you, po3pa1cei1 lao4-alie3, lu2 si3 ba2. nga2 me ai1 si3jie3 si3 lai1 sui2 ei, nga2 guo2 me tie2ba1 ri1-duo3-da2.
A:那就没有办法,要请别人做工夫,因为我老了,已经六十八。我那时才十来岁,我没有碰到重活。
A: I can't help it, I have to get others to work my land. I'm getting old now, I'm already sixty-eight. Back then when I was ten or so, I hadn't done any heavy work.
24 B: ni2 a1di1 li3-xi2 zeng1di1hua1 o, la2 nie1 hi4lie3 ni2 ci1ci1 ba4. suo1yi1 ni2 qie3pa2 me ri1-ci1hhe1 ei, heng1duo1-nie3 dao2li1-nie3 ni2 ri1-da2.
B:你说的是真话,你整天在看书。所以你不会做农活,不会很多的农活道理。
B: What you say is true, you spent all day studying. So you don't know how to farm, there are a great many things you don't know how to do.
25 A: nga2 me ni2 bo3 si2hua1 la2 yo, nga2-nie3 a3nie1 me zeng1di1 xie1qi1 ca2. guo2 me qie3pa2 tao1tao1 su2, nga2 be2 guo2 ta1nie1 dang1guo3-la1.
A:我对你讲的是实话,我的母亲的力气真的很大。她非常熟悉农活,我也跟在她后面做。
A: I'm telling you the truth, my mother was very strong. She knew all about farming, and I learnt by following her.
26 B: ni2 bi2kui1-zu2 me nie4ka1 ca2 o, ni2 mu2la1 be2 wan1nian3 nie4 be2 ca2. ni2 re4 ca2 le bi2 le ca2 o, la2 mong2 hi4lie3 re2 si3 you2 ni2 duan2-da2.
B:你小时过好日子,你现在晚年也过好日子。你的儿孙也好,你每餐不断有酒有肉。
B: You had a good time when you were small; life is also good for you now, when you are old. Your children and grandchildren are happy, you have meat and wine at every meal.
27 A: nga2 be2 me mu2la1 you me lu2 si3-liao3 ba2 you, hua1jia1 ngao2-alie3 he2ri3ba3! nga2 li3-lu3 me zeng1di1 nga2 ming2 ca2 you, re4bi2-die1 duo3 wo4ta3 gong1hu1 ha3.
A:我现在也有六十八了,花甲熬了那么大!说起来我的命好象真的很好,孙子们都在外面打工。
A: I'm already sixty-eight, I'm no longer a young man! It seems I have been very lucky, my grandchildren have all gone off to work.
28 B: mu2la1 ai1di1 zeng2ce3 you2 kai1huan2, ni2 me zeng1di1 you2 ming2 ca2! ni2 la2 nie1 hi4lie3 wu2 la1 ka4 yo, bie2di1 xian3si2 ni2 guan1-ta1.
B:现在政策又开放,你真的命好!你每天守一下牛,别的闲事你不用管。
B: Nowadays things are opening up everywhere, you really are lucky! You look after your cow every day, and don't need to do anything else.
29 A: ai1me1, mu2la1 nga2 be2 me3 die2-la1 you, gao1-de1xi3 me nga2 ba4-ta1 mang. qie4 gao1-de1 me qie1xie3 gao1, zi4 bo3 ye3 luo2-lie3, me wu2 la1 ka4 yo.
A:那么,现在我在想,儿孙可以做的事情,他们都不让我做。可以做什么就做什么,煮一下猪食,守一下牛。
A: Well, now I have to bear in mind, what my children and grandchildren can do, they won't let me do. I do what I can, cooking food for the pig, looking after the cow.
30 B: ang2ni1 me nie1 hu3 me jing1 ta4 cang2, a1di1 lao4 su1ji1 me ru3-bo3-la1. ni2 lian1-di yi2jian1 you2 qing3mo1 la1 li3 me? ang2duo3 da4 xiu1xi3 ba.
B:我们两个不继续唱了,那个老书记在听着。你们又打算怎么发表你们的意见呢?我们一起休息吧。
B: The two of us have sung enough, that retired Party Secretary has been listening to us. What do you to have to say? Let's have a break now.
31 A: nga2 jing1zao1 li3 me hang3 hua1 you, ang2 da4 me xiu1-alie3 suai4 mo3 la2. ni2 be2 nga2 zi1ge1 me you2 ong3-bo3 o, ni2 guo2 lu3ying1ji1 ni2 nga2 ta4 ba4-bo3!
A:我今早说的是含糊话,我们一起休息,别把它们放在心上。你们在我们前面坐着,你的录音机别再对着我吧!
A: What we've said today is just off the top of our heads; we are going to have a rest now, don't take our words to heart. There you are sitting in front of us, don't point your cassette recorder at me any more!

 

 

 

 

 

pron: 我 / I, me suff: 的 / ['s] n: 家 / home n: 客人 / house-guest pron: 我们 / we pron: 这 / this vt: 到 / to arrive part: (叹词) / (excl) pron: 你们 / you (pl) expr: 路边 / by the roadside vt: 取 / to fetch vsuff: 没有 / [not have] part: (叹词) / (topic marker) advt: 今天 / today advm: 一起 / all, together vt: 走 / to go part: (叹词) / (excl) part: (直到) / (until) vt: 认 / to know, recognise vsuff: 到 / [reach] vsuff: 了 / [past] advt: 今年 / this year num: 六 / six num: 十 / ten num: 多 / [plus] pron: 怎么 / how advm: 又 / again; both... vt: 说 / to say part: (叹词) / (new topic marker) advm: 经 / usually n: 机会 / opportunity advm: 也 / also advm: 这么 / like this vt: 现在没有 / to not have now vc: 不是 / is not vt: 看 / to look at vsuff: 将来 / [irrealis] vsuff: 不能 / [can't] vi: 辛苦 / to be hard, difficult part: (地) / (-wise) part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 山 / mountain vt: 翻 / to cross vsuff: 去 / [go] n: 河 / river vt: 过 / to cross advl: 这里 / here suff: 那 / [there/then] pron: 这 / this vsuff: 的 / [that which] pron: 我自己 / I myself n: 肚子 / belly nsuff: 在/从 / [at, from] vt: 记得/想 / to think of -: A: / - n: 时节 / period of time advm: 一起 / all, together n: 方向 / direction vt: 换 / to exchange part: (吧) / (excl) n: 外甥 / nephew, niece pron: 你 / you vt: 讲 / to tell part: (叹词) / (excl) advm: 到底 / after all pron: 哪里 / where nsuff: 去 / [towards] vt: 搞 / to work, do advt: 今天 / today vt: 骂 / to scold, curse cl: 一下 / a while -: B: / - advm: 真的 / truly n: 土家族 / Tujia minority n+vt: 说话 / to speak vi: 唱歌 / to sing part: (叹词) / (excl) pn: 土家语 / Tujia language advm: 全 / completely vt: 靠 / to depend on n: 党 / Chinese Communist Party n: 政策 / policy vi: 好 / to be good part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 台 / platform, stage n: 上面 / on vsuff: 继续 / [continuous, repetitive] advm: 这么 / like this vt: 喜欢 / to enjoy pron: 我们 / we num: 一 / one cl: 日 / day num: 每个 / [each one] n: 牛 / cow vt: 守 / to guard part: (叹词) / (excl) vt: 像/一样 / to resemble n: 领导 / leader vt: 碰到 / to come across vsuff: 不 / [not] n: 车子 / vehicle vt: 开 / to open, start pron: 大家 / everyone n: 天/日 / day n: 好的 / good (one) vt: 过 / to spend (time) n: 情意 / affection neg: 别 / don't vt: 忘记 / to forget conj: 就 / then advt: 现在 / now vi: 过日子 / to live, get by n: 领袖 / leader pron: 他 / he part: (强调) / (emphasis) n: 路 / road n: 水 / water advm: 都 / all vt: 解决 / to solve vsuff: 了+现在 / [past+now] n: 电灯 / electric light vi: 亮 / to be bright advm: 花花 / colourful advm: 先 / first, before pron: 那 / that pn: 靛房 / Dianfang (township in Longshan County) n+vt: 赶场 / to go to market vi: 跑 / to run advm: 从来 / formerly advm: 都 / all vt: 看见 / to see vsuff: 着 / [stative] advt: 晚上 / at night vi: 回来 / to return n: 灯 / lamp vt: 拿 / to hold advt: 以往 / formerly n: 鞋 / shoes vi: 没有 / to not have n: 草鞋 / straw sandals vt: 打 / to hit vi: 劳动 / to labour vt: 穿 / to wear n: 脚 / foot n: 上面 / on n: 泡子 / blister vt: 起 / to develop (blisters) n: 凉鞋 / sandals vi: 冷 / to be cold vsuff: 快开始 / [imminent] n: 皮鞋 / leather shoes vsuff: 不肯 / [won't] pron: 这个 / this vt: 回忆 / to recollect advt: 以前 / before n: 小的 / small (one) suff: 时 / [then] pron: 那 / that n: 苦日 / hard day n: 母亲 / mother n: 父亲 / father n: 裤子 / trousers n: 开裆裤 / split-crotch trousers (for children) num+cl: 一个 / one (person/animal) n: 臀部 / buttocks advm: 全 / all n: 外面 / outside vt: 扔 / to fling n: 年纪 / age vi: 多 / to be many num: 二 / two cl: 个 / (for people) advm: 也 / also n: 女儿 / daughter n: 天 / sky vi: 干/渴 / to become dry vi: 饿 / to be hungry n: 衣服 / clothes vsuff: 的 / [that which] vt: 有 / to have n: 稻谷 / rice n: 饭 / cooked food n: 时常 / often vt: 吃/咬 / to eat, bite part: (叹词) / (excl) cl: 岁 / year (of age) num: 左右 / [about] n: 地主 / landlord vsuff: 不+现在 / [not+now] n: 有钱人 / owner; rich man n: 麦子 / wheat n: 玉米 / maize vi: 穷 / to be poor vsuff: 人 / [doer] vt: 看见 / to see nsuff: 家族 / [clan, household] vi: 节约 / to be frugal n: 钥匙 / key n: 地 / field (non-irrigated) vi: 去了 / to be gone advl: 那里 / there n: 实话 / truth advt: 往天 / formerly vi: 不好 / to not be good num: 三 / three n: 会餐 / meal with guests cl: 餐 / (for meals) part: (间接) / (IO) n: 情况 / situation vi: 好 / to be good vsuff: 去 / [go] n: 肉 / meat vt: 煮 / to cook part: (叹词) / (excl) expr: 真的话 / true words, truth n: 富家人 / rich family cl: 个 / (for people) vi: 做工 / to labour part: (叹词) / (excl) n: 锅 / wok pron: 另外的 / another n: 眼睛 / eye advm: 也 / also conj: 因为 / because suff: 只有 / [only] advm: 只有 / only having vt: 听 / to hear vi: 吃亏 / to come to grief n: 穷人家 / poor household advt: 后 / after, behind n: 人 / person vi: 硬 / to be hard conj: 否则 / otherwise pron: 怎么 / how n: 田 / (irrigated) field num: 几 / several, how many? cl: 丘 / field vt: 做 / to work, do vsuff: 不起 / [not manage] vt: 请 / to request n: 穷人 / poor person conj: 所以 / therefore pron: 那 / that n: 办法 / means n: 夫 / work n: 老人 / old person vi: 老 / to be old num: 八 / eight vt: 来 / to come n: 大的 / large (one) n: 字 / writing, books n: 农活 / farm work vsuff: 不会 / [not know] n: 很多 / a lot n: 道理 / reason n: 力气 / strength, effort advd: 非常 / extremely vt: 熟 / to be familiar with n: 后面 / back vt: 跟着 / to follow n: 小的 / small (one) n: 晚年 / old age n: 孙子 / grandchild n: 儿子 / son n: 酒 / wine, spirits vt: 断 / to break n: 花甲 / fingernail vi: 熬 / to endure advm: 那么大的 / such a big one n: 命 / fate n: 孙子 / grandson nsuff: 复数 / [plural] n: 工夫 / work vi: 开放 / to open up n: 别的 / another (one) n: 闲事 / unimportant matter vt: 管 / to manage conj: 那么 / then vsuff: 可以 / [can] part: (叹词) / (excl) pron: 什么 / what vsuff: 可以 / [can] pron: 什么 / what n: 猪 / pig n: 东西 / thing vt: 煮 / to cook vt: 唱 / to sing n: 书记 / secretary vt: 听 / to hear num: 两 / two suff: 的 / ['s] n: 意见 / opinion pron: 我们自己 / we ourselves vi: 休息 / to rest n: 今早 / this morning vt: 含 / to contain n: 话 / words vi: 休息 / to rest vt: 摔 / to fling n: 前 / front vi: 坐 / to sit n: 录音机 / cassette recorder


Copyright (C) 2004 Philip & Cecilia Brassett